Everything about the Garden City Movement totally explained
The
garden city movement is an approach to
urban planning that was founded in 1898 by Sir
Ebenezer Howard in the United Kingdom. Garden cities were to be planned, self-contained communities surrounded by
greenbelts, and containing carefully balanced areas of residences, industry, and agriculture.
Inspired by the
Utopian novel
Looking Backward, Howard published in 1898 (reissued in 1902 as
Garden Cities of To-morrow), organized the
Garden City Association in 1899. Two cities were founded based on Howard's ideas:
Letchworth Garden City and
Welwyn Garden City, both in England.
Howard's successor as chairman of the Garden City Association was
Sir Frederic Osborn, who extended the movement into regional planning.
The idea of the garden city was influential in the United States (in
Newport News, Virginia's Hilton Village;
Pittsburgh's
Chatham Village;
Sunnyside, Queens;
Radburn, New Jersey;
Jackson Heights, Queens; the Woodbourne neighborhood of
Boston;
Garden City, New York; Forest Hills, NY, and
Baldwin Hills Village in
Los Angeles), in Canada (in
Kapuskasing,
Ontario and
Walkerville, Ontario) and in Argentina (in
ciudad jardín de Lomas del Palomar). The first German garden city,
Hellerau, a suburb of
Dresden, was founded in 1909. The concept was drawn upon for German worker housing built during the Weimar years, and again in England after
World War II when the
New Towns Act triggered the development of many new communities based on Howard's egalitarian vision. The garden city movement also influenced the British urbanist
Sir Patrick Geddes in the planning of
Tel-Aviv,
Israel. Contemporary town planning charters like
New Urbanism and
Principles of Intelligent Urbanism find their origins in this movement.
Today, there are many
garden cities in the world. Most of them, however, exist
as just
Dormitory suburbs, which completely differ from what Howard wanted to create.
The
Town and Country Planning Association recently marked its 108th anniversary by calling for Garden City and Garden Suburb principles to be applied to today's
New Towns and
Eco Towns.
Further Information
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